Vim is one of the most powerful and popular command-line text editors on Linux, but it can also be a little intimidating. With its multiple modes and sometimes unintuitive commands, it’s easy to get lost starting out. One particular struggle for new Vim users is knowing how to save a file.

How to Save a file in Vim

Without too much preamble, the command to save in Vim is :w. However, you may have noticed that if you just type this into your document nothing happens. This is because to use a command in Vim, you first have a switch to “normal mode”, which will allow you to run commands. So, full process looks like this:

1. Press Esc on your keyboard to enter normal mode.
2. Type :w.
3. Press Enter to run the command.

How to Save As in Vim

As with most text editors, Vim also has a “Save As” function, allowing you to write the changes you made to a document to a separate file. To use it, follow these steps:

1. Press Esc to enter normal mode.
2. type :w yourfilename.txt.
3. Press Enter.

How to save and quit in Vim

To save yourself some time, you can save and quit in a single command. Just use :wq instead of :w:

1. Press Esc.
2. Type :wq or :wq filename.txt.
3. Press Enter.

Alternatively, you can use the :x command. This will only save the file if there are unsaved changes, whereas :wq will always save and update the modification time in the file’s metadata.

Exit Vim without saving

The final scenario that you might run into is the need to quit a file in Vim without saving at all. If :w writes and :wq writes and quits, it should obvious that :q stands for quit. However, Vim will not let you quit using this command if you have unsaved changes to a file. Instead, you’ll have to follow these steps:

1. Press Esc
2. Type :q!
3. Press Enter

The ! forces Vim to quit even if there are unsaved changes to the file.